| 36th Infantry Division | |
|---|---|
36th Infantry Division shoulder sleeve insignia |
|
| Active | July 1917 – June 1919 25 November 1940 – 15 December 1945 1 May 2004–present |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Part of | Texas Army National Guard |
| Nickname | Arrowhead (Special Designation) [1] Fighting 36th Texas |
| Engagements | World War I World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Commanding General |
MG Eddie M. Spurgin |
| Assistant Division Commander – Maneuver |
BG Les Smith |
| Notable commanders |
Fred Walker |
The 36th Infantry Division ("Arrowhead"[1]), also known as the Texas Division, is a modular division of the United States Army and the Texas Army National Guard. It was activated for service in World War II on 25 November 1940, and was sent overseas in April 1943.
It was reorganized in May 2004 from the 49th Armored Division.
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The 36th Infantry Division was originally activated as the 15th Division, a Army National Guard Division from Texas and Oklahoma. The designation was changed to the 36th Division in 1917, possibly in July. It consisted of the 71st Infantry Brigade (141st and 142nd Infantry Regiments) and the 72nd Infantry Brigade (143rd and 144th Infantry Regiments). The unit was sent to Europe in July 1918 and conducted major operations in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. During World War I, the division suffered 2,584 casualties consisting of 466 killed in action, and 2,118 wounded in action. The unit was inactivated in June 1919.
| US infantry divisions (1939–present) | |
|---|---|
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| 35th Infantry Division | 37th Infantry Division (Inactive) |
The 36th was called up again for Active Federal Service on 25 November 1940, at San Antonio, Texas. The Division loaded all of its equipment, mustered its personnel, and departed for its Mobilization Station at Camp Bowie, Texas on 14 December 1940. The 36th moved to Brownwood, Texas on 1 June 1941, where it participated in the VIII Corps Brownwood Maneuvers until 13 June 1941. The Division then returned to Camp Bowie.
The Division then moved to Mansfield, Louisiana, and took part in both the August and September 1941 Louisiana Maneuvers. The Division then returned to Camp Bowie on 2 October 1941, where it was reorganized into a Triangular Infantry Division on 1 February 1942.
The Division then moved to Camp Blanding, Florida on 19 February 1942, and participated in the Carolina Maneuvers between 9 July 1942, and 15 August 1942. The Division then was Staged at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts on 17 August 1942, for its Port Call.
The Division departed the New York Port of Embarkation on 2 April 1943, for North Africa.
The 2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery sailed on the U.S.S. Republic on 25 November 1941. It was originally destined for the Philippines, but was diverted to Java to assist the British and Dutch forces there. It was captured on 8 March 1941 by the Japanese Army. The survivors were sent to work on the Burma-Siam railway. It became known as the "Lost Battalion."
The 36th Infantry Division landed in North Africa, 13 April 1943, and trained at Arzew and Rabat. It was Assigned to the VI Corps, Fifth Army, but attached to Services of Supply, North African Theater of Operations U.S. Army (NATOUSA), for supply. The Division first saw action on 9 September 1943, when it landed by sea at Paestum on the Gulf of Salerno against intense German opposition. The Germans launched counterattacks on 12–14 September, but the 36th repulsed them with the aid of air support and naval gunfire, and advanced slowly, securing the area from Agropoli to Altavilla.
After a brief rest the 36th returned to combat, 15 November. It captured Mount Maggiore, Mount Lungo, and the village of San Pietro despite strong enemy positions and severe winter weather. This grueling campaign was marked by futile attempts to establish a secure bridgehead across the Rapido River, 1 January 1944, to 8 February 1944. After assisting the 34th Division in the attack on Cassino and fighting defensively along the Rapido River, the severely depleted 36th withdrew, 12 March 1944, for rest and rehabilitation. The Division arrived by sea at the Anzio Beachhead, 22 May 1944, to take part in Operation Diadem, with the breakout from the beachhead commencing the following day. It drove north to capture Velletri, 1 June, and entered Rome on the 5th. Pushing up from Rome, the 36th encountered sharp resistance at Magliano, but reached Piombino, 26 June 1944, before moving back to Paestum for rest and rehabilitation.
On 15 August 1944, as part of the 6th Army Group, the division made another amphibious assault landing, against light opposition in the Saint-Raphaël-Fréjus area of Southern France as part of Operation Dragoon. A rapid advance opened the Rhone River Valley. Montelimar fell, 28 August, and large German units were trapped. On 15 September 1944, the Division was attached to the French First Army.The 36th advanced to the Moselle River at Remiremont and the foothills of the Vosges. In a grinding offensive, the Division crossed the Meurthe River, breached the Ste. Marie Pass and burst into the Alsatian Plains. The enemy counterattacked, 13 December 1944, but the 36th held the perimeter of the Colmar Pocket. On 15 December 1944, the Division was released from attachment to the First French Army, and returned to the control of VI Corps. The German Army counterattacks out of the Colmar Pocket were so fierce, that at times, the field artillery was forced to fire over open sights, at point blank range to stop them. On 20 December 1944, the Division resumed the attack, advancing northward along the Rhine River to Mannheim meeting heavy resistance at Haguenau, Oberhofen, and Wissembourg. In this action Company "G" 143rd Infantry Regiment gained a Presidential Unit Citation. On 27 December 1944, the Division was reassigned to XXI Corps, and the Division was pinched out and returned to Seventh Army Reserve on 30 December 1944.
The Division was taken out of the line for the first time since it had landed in the south of France. On 3 January 1945, the Division was reassigned to XV Corps. On 18 January 1945, the Division was reassigned to VI Corps. It returned to the line early March 1945. The 36th was reassigned to the Seventh Army on 29 March 1945, and moved to the Danube River on 22 April 1945. It was reassigned to the XXI Corps on 27 April 1945, and attacked the "National Redoubt" at Künzelsau on the 30th. The 36th has been recognized by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum as a liberating unit for their work securing the subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp system.[3] By 8 May 1945, the division was based in Kitzbühel, Austria where it captured Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, the commander of all German army forces on the Western front, and its final station was at Kufstein, Austria on 14 August 1945.
After 400 days of combat, the 36th Infantry Division returned to the United States in December 1945. It was returned to the Texas Army National Guard on 15 December 1945.
On 1 May 2004, the 49th Armored Division of the Texas Army National Guard was officially deactivated and the 49th Armored Division was redesignated the 36th Infantry Division. After half a century, the "Fighting 36th" was reactivated to help transform Texas' military forces into a more mobile and lethal fighting force, committed to helping fight the global war on terrorism and carrying on the proud legacy established by its predecessors.
In January 2004, 74 soldiers from Alpha Battery (TAB) 2nd Battalion 131st Field Artillery were activated for federal service in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Alpha Battery commanded by CPT Alvaro Gomez entered federal service in Fort Sill, OK. Under the supervision of 1SG Alfredo Barrera, the soldiers trained up and deployed to Iraq. While readying their equipment in Kuwait, Alpha Battery was given her mission and the five Radar Sections were split up. One AN-TPQ37 Radar section (SSG Gonzales) was attached to the 1st Marine Division in Al Taqadum another (CW3 Earnest Metcalf) was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division at LSA Anaconda and the three AN-TPQ36 Radar sections (CW2 Davidson, CW2 Bien, and SSG Johnson) were assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division in Mosul. The headquarters and support platoon (1LT Christopher Galvan) operated out of Forward Operating Base Freedom in northern Mosul. In addition to the target acquisition mission, the support platoon supplemented patrols conducted by the 25th Infantry Division Fire's Brigade FIST Team and provided security for the FOB's perimeter by manning the entrance gates and watch towers. At the conclusion of the Battery's deployment, the unit was awarded three Bronze Star Medals, 1 Purple Heart Medal, 47 Army Commendation Medals, 74 Combat Action Badges, several Memorandums of Appreciation from Command Staff, and were given the privilege of wearing the Unit Insignia for wartime service from the 2nd Infantry Division, the 25th Infantry Division, the 36th Infantry Division, or the 1st Infantry Division.
In 2005 approximately 100 soldiers of the 36th Infantry Division deployed to Bosnia for Enduring Mission 3 which was a continuation from previous IFOR and SFOR missions. When Task Force Strike left Eagle Base in Tuzla late 2006, it marked the end of an American military maneuver presence in Bosnia which had existed for almost a decade after the Dayton Accords.
In 2005, over three thousand troops from the 56th BCT, 36th ID deployed to Iraq as part of the largest deployment of Texas troops since World War II. 3/133 FA, 2/142 INF were both awarded Meritorious Unit Citations for their service in Iraq.
In 2005–2006, 800 Soldiers of 3d Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment, 72d Brigade, 36th Infantry Division deployed to Afghanistan for combat operations. The Battalion was attached to the 504th Infantry Regiment of the 82d Airborne Division and earned a Joint Meritorious Unit Citation.
In 2006, the 1st Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment, 36th Infantry Division became the first cavalry unit to serve as peacekeepers in the Sinai Desert for the Multinational Force and Observers. The force was made up of soldiers from several units of the 36th Infantry Division including 1–112th AR, 2–112th AR, 3–112th AR, 3rd Mech, and C Btry 2-131 FA (MLRS).
In late 2006, Company B of the 3d Battalion, 144th Infantry Regiment deployed to Iraq after pre-deployment training at Ft. Dix, NJ and were actively engaged in combat operations. They returned in late 2007.
In late 2005 to late 2006, the 36th Infantry Division was the major leading force for KFOR7, the peacekeeping mission on Kosovo.
The Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division shipped to Iraq in September 2006 for a planned one-year deployment.
On 7 May 2007 3d Battalion 144th Infantry Regiment mobilized as "Task Force Panther" in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. "Task Force Panther" trained at Camp Shelby, MS, and, after validation, forward deployed to Kuwait, where they processed into theater and transferred into Iraq.
On 28 August 2009, more than 3000 Soldiers of the 56th IBCT again deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. On 15 August 2010, the 3000 Soldiers of the 56th IBCT returned to Texas after 10 months in Iraq. Two soldiers from Bravo Troop 3-124 Cav, and one from C Btry 4-133 were wounded during the tour.
On 1 October 2009, the 72nd IBCT mobilized for deployment to Iraq. Upon arrival in theater, the brigade headquarters assumed authority as the Joint Area Support Group-Conditional for the International Zone, with the brigade's subordinate elements distributed throughout the country doing detainee operations. The brigade returned from Iraq in July and August 2010, with A Btry 1-133 FA being the last element to return home.
The organization of the 36th Infantry Division is still unclear, as the Army is undergoing a transformation to brigade units of action and the 36th is not expected to complete its reorganization until 2012.
The 36th Division insignia consisting of an olive drab "T" on a blue flint arrowhead was adopted in 1918. The flint arrowhead represents the State of Oklahoma (once the Indian Territory), and the "T" is for Texas.
36th Infantry Division exercises Training and Readiness Oversight of the following elements, they cannot be considered organic:[4]
Note: On 1 September 2009, the Texas Army National Guard activated the 1st Battalion (Airborne), 143rd Infantry Regiment, the only Airborne infantry battalion in the Army National Guard. The unit includes a battalion headquarters and headquarters company (HHC), 3 rifle companies (Cos A, B, and C), a weapons company (Co D), and a forward support company (FSC). Most elements of the battalion will be located in Texas, with Co B in Alaska and Co C in Rhode Island. Rather than converting an existing TX ARNG unit, the battalion is being built from the ground up.[15] [1] According to the US Army Center of Military History, "1st Battalion, 143d Infantry Regiment is a separate infantry battalion." As such, it is not subordinate to other commands in the state, although it may be attached for administrative purposes.
| Start Date | End Date | Commander |
|---|---|---|
| 25 August 1917 | 18 September 1917 | MG. E. St. John Grebble |
| 18 September 1917 | 6 December 1917 | BG George Blakely |
| 6 December 1917 | 8 July 1918 | MG E. St. John Grebble |
| 8 July 1918 | 13 July 1918 | BG John A. Hulen |
| 13 July 1918 | MG William "Billy" R. Smith | |
| 18 June 1919 | Division returned Activated to State Control | |
| 2 May 1923 | MG William "Billy" R. Smith | |
| 2 May 1923 | 9 September 1935 | MG John A. Hulen |
| 9 September 1935 | 12 October 1936 | MG George R.Rains |
| 12 October 1936 | MG Claude V. Birkhead | |
| 25 November 1940 | Division Called Up To Federal Service | |
| 12 September 1941 | MG Claude V. Birkhead | |
| 12 September 1941 | 7 July 1944 | MG Fred L. Walker |
| 7 July 1944 | 1 November 1945 | MG John E. Dahlquist |
| 1 November 1944 | 15 December 1945 | BG Robert I. Stack |
| 15 December 1945 | Division returned Inactive to State Control | |
| 29 April 1946 | Unit Reactivated in State Control | |
| 29 April 1946 | 7 July 1948 | MG Preston A. Weatherred |
| 7 July 1948 | 1 March 1953 | MG H. Miller Ainsworth |
| 1 March 1953 | 21 September 1961 | MG Carl L. Phinney |
| 21 September 1961 | 15 January 1968 | MG Everett S. Simpson |
| 18 June 1969 | Division Inactivated in State Control | |
| 1 May 2004 | Division Reactivated in State Control | |
| 1 May 2004 | 1 April 2006 | MG Michael Taylor |
| 1 April 2006 | 1 October 2007 | MG John T. Furlow |
| 1 October 2007 | 17 April 2009 | MG Jose S. Mayorga |
| 18 April 2009 | Present | MG Eddy M. Spurgin |